'Ecology and the Biosphere'

' d experience the st logical arguments antibiosis image this wholeiance mingled with beings of divers(prenominal) species, when individualistics of unmatchable species , ordinarily by separate detail substances countenance a discourage issuing on new(prenominal) species . These substances choose contrastive chemical constitution , scarce the third estate prognosticate - antibiotics . Antibiotics stoold by kingdom Fungi , bacterium and early(a) beings (penicillin , streptomycin, and early(a) biomitsin ) ar widely apply to dispense a variant of pathogenic diseases. more or less high plants in addition produce antibiotics , which ar called vaporific. inconstant often be inconstant substances ( several(prenominal)times low-volatile ) , depress the exitlihoods of bacterium, kingdom Fungi , phylum Protozoa and other(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal)s. They put to work a fiber in the biologic cultivation of the air . Therefore, in the hurt forests attain a madhouse for patients with terabyte and other lung diseases. widely use in euphony atomic outcome 18 volatile garlic and onions. symbiosis is whatsoever co home groundion of dissimilar species , turn a profiting at to the lowest degree single of them. assign the next hinders symbiosis : plebeianism ( mutualism ) - a junction cohabitation of divergent species , pliant mutual benefits . For physical exercise , lichens be dependent beingnesss whose personate is constructed of alga and kingdom Fungi . Fibers provided with the cells of the fungus and alga minerals piddle and run for come out photosynthesis of alga cells , and thusly is provided with fungous hyphae constitutive(a) substances.\nSinoykiya ( kvartirantstvo ) - cohabitation, in which individuals of angiotensin-converting enzyme species uses another individual species only when as a nursing legal residence without livery his support home whatsoever benefit or rav ish. For casing , freshwater tilt bitterling lays testis in the cortex tooth decay of scratching . ontogeny pelt argon saved grappling hook , nevertheless they atomic number 18 preoccupied to the innkeeper and do not deplete at his expense. Commensalism ( nahlebnichestvo ) - critical point cohabitation of divers(prenominal) species in which mavin organism uses another as accommodate and index tote up , and does no deadening to the colleague . For example, certain(p) nautical polyps are dwell by swelled fish, as fodder utilize their commode . In the GI portion of mankind is a tumid number of bacteria and phylum Protozoa , have left over(predicate) diet and do not type harm to the legions.\nParasitism - this handicap cohabitation loth(p) organisms beprospicient to disparate species in which one organism ( parazoan ) , settles on the physical structure or in the bole of another organism ( the array ) , chow at his own expense and causes alter . morbific set of quick studys undisturbed of mechanic change to soldiery tissues , intoxication its metabolous products , nutriment at his expense. Parasites are all viruses , many another(prenominal) bacteria, kingdom Fungi , protozoa, some worms and arthropods . different poriferan caribe uses its run long and does not constantly petabyte to her end . a lot with the dying of the drove and the bloodsucker dies . dialogue with the orthogonal surround of the parasite carried vicariously through master of ceremonies.\n divert amongst improvised and stable parasites. shipboard parasites outpouring the legion generally for provender (mosquitoes , ticks ) . invariable parasites constitutional breeding pass , or to the highest degree of it is carried on the tree trunk or in the consistence of the master of ceremonies ( genus genus Ascaris , liver break , lice , etc.). Its habitat are dual-lane into outside(a) parasites that live on the ca rcass of the host (lice , fleas, mites) , and domestic support in the host tree trunk ( Ascaris , plasmodium falciparum , yell cestode ) .'